Introduction philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction philosophy - Essay Example One of the critical condemnations of Existentialism has been that it is so much atheistic that the existentialists argue that God does not exist in the world. However, Sartre convincingly purports that existentialism is simply not that, and it is important to realize that, according to the existentialists, it does not matter if God exists or not. â€Å"Existentialism,† Sartre makes clear, â€Å"is nothing else than an attempt to draw all the consequences of a coherent atheistic position. It isn’t trying to plunge man into despair at all†¦ Existentialism isn’t so atheistic that it wears itself out showing that God doesn’t exist. Rather, it declares that even if God did exist, that would change nothing. There you’ve got our point of view.† (Sartre, 51) According to him, it does not mean that the existentialists believe that God exists, but rather they think that the problem of the existence God is not the issue here. Therefore, it is impor tant to realize existentialism as optimistic and as a doctrine of action. It is also fundamental to distinguish between the despair of the Christians and that of the existentialists, and the arguments of Sartre have great implications with regard to the existentialist understanding of human nature and the nature of vale. One of the basic arguments of the existentialists has been that there is no human nature, in view of the fact that there is no God to conceive it and the philosophy of Sartre should be realized as an attempt to draw all the consequences of a coherent atheistic position. Therefore, the quotation given here has great implication in realizing the fundamental philosophy of the existentialists with regard to the nature of human beings. Existentialism has been charged with dwelling on human degradation and neglecting the gracious and beautiful, the bright side of human nature. However, Sartre offers a convincing explanation of how

Tennyson wrote In Memoriam Essay Example for Free

Tennyson wrote In Memoriam Essay Tennyson wrote In Memoriam for a dear lost friend of his. The poems span the length of 17 years. When Tennyson writes of the way of the soul, is most definitely referring to that metaphysical aspect of a person’s spirit – that thing which travels beyond death. Tennyson’s fear however, is that he cannot write about the soul, as he says, â€Å"For words, like Nature, half reveal/And half conceal the Soul within. † (Tennyson lines 3-4 poem V. ) In short, Tennyson writes of the loss of his friend’s soul. Tennyson’s fear becomes that he will not know his friend any longer in his mortal form (perhaps Tennyson fears he will not recognize his friend’s soul should they meet again); such desire is shown in poem XII, ‘Is this the end? Is this the end? ’ (Tennyson line 16 XII). However, Tennyson forgoes his fears and finds a certainty as expressed in these lines, â€Å"And I perceived no touch of change,/No hint of death in all his frame,/But found him all in all the same,/I should not feel it to be strange. † (Tennyson lines 17-20 poem XIV) thereby proving that his friend is not altogether lost to him, nor should Tennyson feel sorrow for one who is not lost. 2. Tennyson wrote Mariana as a character taken from Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure. In the poem Tennyson illustrates the woman’s waiting for her lover; the ambiance of the poem illustrates the woman’s vain waiting with word choices such as, â€Å"rusted nails† â€Å"broken sheds† and hinges that â€Å"creak† (Tennyson). Such elements of dilapidation reveal the psychology of the main character’s actions; thus Tennyson uses environment as revelation to the person’s psychological makeup. In Browning’s My Last Duchess the reader is exposed to a subjective reality in which the Duke reveals to the emissary that, â€Å"[he] gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together. † (Browning). Thus, the reader is left to believe he killed her, or had the Duchess killed because of her flirtatious (according to the Duke) wanderings. Browning’s use of enjambment instead of the metered revelry of Tennyson’s poem stand as stark contrast to one another: Tennyson’s work is pleasing to the ear, affecting the reader to follow the meter and its revelations of grief and love for the grieved while Browning’s enjambment give the reader a jilted session of reading making the reader disquieted and not all together comfortable in reading the poem, a technique that makes them wonder about the ease with which the Duke mentions that he murdered his wife. 3. Edward Fitzgerald’s Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is a work of hedonistic texture because of its many references to love or lust of earthly delights, as in the lines â€Å"Here with a Loaf of Bread beneath the Bough,/A Flask of Wine, a Book of Verse and Thou/Beside me singing in the Wilderness -/And Wilderness is Paradise enow† (Fitzgerald Quatrain XI). Thus, in order to be human, to feel human, Omar must indulge in earthly pleasures or else what is the point of eating bread? Drinking wine? Reading and singing? It is these components that make up the pleasures of humanity. In Fitzgerald’s translation of the poem, wine is almost a character which comes up and is referenced again and again, supporting the thesis of hedonism being the theme and design of the poem. The poet uses this device to escape the more sordid details of living such as â€Å"punishment and pain† as well as â€Å"dirty wind, fire, and water† (Fitzgerald). 4. Matthew Arnold’s poetry showed a heaviness of doubt: Doubt of self, doubt of love, doubt of God and the ever-after. In To Marguerite—Continued this doubt is plainly illustrated with lines such as, â€Å"†¦then a longing like despair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Arnold line 13) when speaking about the nightingales who sing sweetly, but their song becomes distorted in the poet’s ears as he feels as though their song is soured because the birds could remember a time when the continents were together instead of separated. This line represents a stance on lovers – how lovers are once together but separated and thus the longing of the past is bred into the poem through the songs of the birds. Also, as much beauty as Arnold places on the importance of the ocean, he overshadows this sentiment by making the ocean a divider with the line, â€Å"Now round us spreads the watery plain—† (Arnold line 17). And of love, Arnold gives no reverence but merely paints love out to be intermittent moments in a bleak world as in the poem The Buried Life he states, â€Å"Alas! is even love too weak† (Arnold line 12). This bleakness spreads into Arnold’s poem Dover Beach in which the sea again plays a vital part in expressing Arnold’s joyless life through the metaphor of a melancholy ocean. 5. One theme that runs through Arnold’s poems is that of doubt, concurrent with this theme is the image of an ocean. This ocean or â€Å"estranging sea† (Arnold line 24) as is described in To Marguerite—Continued is also read in his poem The Buried Life. He uses the ocean as a metaphor of a juggernaut of loneliness and separateness in which his doubt resides. The ocean is used to illustrate how he is alone from humanity as well as love in these two poems and how it is this unnamable force, this feeling as big as an ocean which makes his life miserable. Although he uses poetic metaphors, Arnold’s poems do not illustrate anything of the joyful hedonism of Edward Fitzgerald’s Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. One may postulate that such lack of hedonism is puritanical in comparison to Tennyson’s love illustrated in his In Memoriam however the reader may conjecture that perhaps Arnold had been loved or had loved at one point in his life because the suffering of his soul is in each poem he writes. Arnold’s theme is doubt and loneliness and in this doubt arises the question the reader must ask themselves, Is love worth such misery? For Arnold, perhaps it wasn’t.

CSR initiatives by Mahindra, Nokia and Nestle

CSR initiatives by Mahindra, Nokia and Nestle Corporate social responsibility is the self regulated mechanism where business ensures that it supports to law, ethics and norms. Corporate Social Responsibility has been redefined throughout the years. It is an organizations mission and a guide to what the company stands for. It is also known as corporate responsibility. Social responsibility is the theory that the business should not function amorally instead of this it should work for the welfare of the society and community and the individuals. In simple way we can say CSR is all about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. CSR is the way in which the companies impact the world around them economically, environmentally and socially. CSR initiatives by Mahindra: At Mahindras, CSR means not just the sharing of our wealth, but of our time and of ourselves. Making socially responsible products, making a commitment to the community is the Corporate Social Responsibility for The Mahindra Group. Corporate Social Responsibility is not just a duty for the Mahindra Group but they say that its a way of life. Corporate social responsibility has been always a crucial part of their vision. They say that CSR is the opportunity for them. In 2005 group celebrated its 60th anniversary and pledged to dedicate 1% of its profit after tax to corporate social responsibility. Mahindra launched a special kind of Employee Social Options (ESOPs) to enable employees to involve in socially responsible activities of their choice. This programe has proved a big success. Employees at Mahindra are contributing in a significant way in the development work in villages to teaching children. They are assisting in disaster relief operations also. In fact they are trying their best in creating the better world. CSR initiatives at Mahindra focus mainly on education and health. They have their special emphasis on the girl child. Nanhi Kali is the project for the girl child. There is also a scholarship for the economically disadvantaged people named as Mahindra All India Talent Scholarship. Mahindra Group is also planning to set up two Mahindra Pride Schools. These schools will offer a variety of courses. The main emphasis will be on employability. It will also include training for Information Technology, Retail, and Automotive Engineering etc. They will provide new skills and capabilities to the weaker sections of society, particularly the scheduled castes and scheduled tribe youth. Various fields where Mahindra has taken initiatives towards corporate social responsibility are given below: Education- The Mahindra Group select education as the main tool to transform the lives of the people. In 1953,The K.C. Mahindra Education Trust (KCMET) was formed to promote KCMET has provided more than Rs. 25 crores in the form of grants, scholarships and loans. (KCMET) and the Naandi Foundation is aimed at providing education to the underprivileged girl child in India. Project Nanhi Kali as explained before is also for promoting education. It is a national girl child sponsorship Child sponsorship allows an individual, typically in a developed country, to sponsor, or fund a child in a developing country until the child becomes self sufficient. This could mean financially supporting the education, health or security of the sponsored child, or in some cases .. Click the link for more information.  Programme managed by the K.C. their main emphasis is on providing primary education to the girl child. Criteria for selection in Nanhi Kali programme 1. Girls who are enrolled in government schools 2. Girls whose family income is less than Rs 15,000 p.a. 3. Eldest girl child 4. Girl children with many siblings 5. Girls whose parents are illiterate 6. Girls belonging to backward communities Mahindra Mahindra was awarded the prestigious Auto Monitor Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative of the Year 2007 award for its Nanhi Kali Project at a glittering function held in Delhi. In Mumbai they have started Each One Teach One, Apnalaya, Save The Children, National Sponsorship Council, India Sponsorship Committee, Salaam Baalak Trust, S.N.D.T. Kanya Shala, Indian Association For Promotion of Adoption Child Welfare, Akanksha Foundation, Reach Foundation Action Programme (REAP), Bal-Jeevan Trust, Sunbeam, Doorstep School, Aseema, and Project Crayon. In August 2006, the KCMET and the Government of Rajasthan The Government of Rajasthan also known as the State Government of Rajasthan, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 30 districts. .. Click the link for more information.  agreed jointly to sponsor the education of 10,000 Nanhi Kalis in Udaipur. Mid Day Meal Kitchen: The Company make a partnership with the Government of Rajasthan and Naandi Foundation for setting up of a centralised Mid Day Meal Kitchen at Govindgarh Taluka, Jaipur District, in the state of Rajasthan. Environment Mahindra Mahindra is also an environmentally conscious organization and is committed to help in maintaining the ecological balance. On the Founders Day the company launched a special campaign named Mahindra Hariyali which aims to add one million trees to Indias green cover by October 2008. Also ESOPs volunteers take up local environmental initiatives at various plants and area offices. Thus employees undertake various initiatives in environment such as: Energy Conservation Awareness Drives, Rain water harvesting, Global Warming. Arts and culture The Arts has also been an area of special focus of Mahindras social responsibility. Mahindra has instituted the Mahindra Excellence in Theatre Awards (META) which is Indias first dedicated theatre awards instituted by a Corporate. META will develop talent in theatre across the country. The awards will initially cover English Hindi theatre.The selection process covers four broad areas of the country, namely, North, South, East and West.  Six plays selected from each region and are referred to the respective Critics Panel. Mahindra Group also plans to set up a Mahindra Academy for Excellence in Theatre. Sports: Mahindra United Football A club with of games was set up in 1950. In 1956, a group of youngsters make a Mahindra official team in the Bombay Football League.   The company provided full- size football field for practice and training. Mahindra United of Mumbai is the only team in Maharashtra who win the Durand Cup twice; the second oldest trophy in the world. It is also the first team in Maharashtra to win the Harwood League and the Nadkarni Cup three times in a row. The MU won its IFA shield in Kolkata recently. Health Disaster Relief Mahindra Foundation The Mahindra Foundation has been set up to provide medical relief to the poor and needy sections of society. The foundation has helps patients suffering from cancer and heart diseases.   The Mahindra Group has also been very responsive to any disaster in India always. At the time of tsunami or the Gujarat earthquake, the Mahindra family has always provided support either by financial help or by sending vehicles and supplying material. Some of the Notable ESOPS initiatives this year were: The Lifeline Express (hospital-on-wheels) The Lifeline Express is the worlds first hospital on rails and provides free medical and surgical treatment to people suffering from polio, cataract, deafness and cleft lip. It is undertaken by the Tractor Plant in Rudrapur, where 647 surgeries were performed free of cost.   AIDS Awareness Campaign started in July 2007 in nasik city. The Company feels privileged to have received the Businessworld BSR Business for Social Responsibility Award. CSR initiatives taken by Nokia: Nokia is the market leader and a global company so it takes its responsibility seriously. Nokia respects the member of the society. They believe that mobile technologies can contribute to economic growth. Many of the programs are targeted at young people and youth development by Nokia as the corporate social responsibility. For example, Nokia collaborates with the International Youth Foundation. The company also has signed a cooperative agreement with the international childrens organization Plan in Africa to raise the childrens awareness of their opportunities and rights. Nokia also engages in some other types of societal CSR such as employee volunteering, corporate giving, Nokia Data Gathering is an example of a CSR programme that Nokia is expert in mobile technologies to do good things for society. The software allows different organisations to collect data using mobile phones instead of more paper forms. Nokia looks after its employee through various employee programmes and ethical labour practices. Environmental initiatives can be taken as the part of CSR. Taking care of environment is the everyones responsibility in the company. Nokias aim is be to be leader in environmental activities. Environmental management priorities include energy efficiency, managing substance of products, and take-back of used devices for proper recycling. Nokia collaborates with stakeholders to maximize contribution in the environmental management field. For example, in 2007 Nokia initiated supplier collaboration to work on energy efficiency targets Nokia has also worked with World Wide Fund; a global conservation organization, from 2003 in order to enhance Nokias environmental performance and increasing the environmental awareness of all Nokia employees. Since January 2008 Nokia has been a member of WWFs programme Climate Savers that works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nokia also supports Connect2Earth, a green on-line community launched by WWF. It want to make a positive impact through its product and services. Nokia aims to ensure that environmental, ethical as well as health and safety issues. Nokias CSR initiatives are given below Nokias helping hands Bridge IT Make a connection Village phones Nokias helping hands Nokia Helping Hands is an employee volunteerism program that allow employees to dedicate a maximum of two working days per year to volunteer work of their choice. The volunteer work includes building schools, collecting toys, clothes and other supplies for people in need and arranging activities for children. Through helping others it is possible to learn new skills and find new perspectives. Village phone Village Phone provides an example of a programme that targets universal access, provide access affordable telecommunications services in rural areas so boost economic development in rural communities. Accessibility is other project that provide accessibility features specifically to those people with disabilities and cognitive, sensory and physical limitations. Nokia is developing another project that will remind people to take their HIV/AIDS medicines on time. Nokia has been looking for a way to remind people on their phones that would be appropriate as well as discreet. This would allow for better monitoring and control from the side of health organizations. Bridge IT It is the result of a unique partnership between Nokia, IYF, Pearson, SEAMO Innotech and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The program uses existing information and communication technologies to access to quality education everywhere in the world. The idea is to offer young people the opportunity to education and skills development. The main objective is to deliver educational material of high quality to developing country schools through wireless technologies. Nokia has the text message technology which can be used in the programme which enables teachers and students to request and download materials from a digital library. So BridgeIT brings global educational materials into the reach of teachers and students in developing countries. Make a connection: Nokia has been cooperating with the International Youth Foundation established in 1990, is a global non-profit organisation working which empower young people to be healthy and productive. IYFs programmes help youth obtain quality education, make healthy choices, gain employability skills, and work to improve their communities. Nokia supports various youth development programme. Instead of starting completely new programmes, IYF identify those of its programmes that are working and bringing the expected benefits for participants. In 2000, Nokia and the IYF launched a global youth development initiative named as Make a Connection which is to strengthen the life skills of young people and prepare them for the future. Minimising environmental footprint Nokias environmental work is based on life cycle thinking which means that Nokia aim to minimize the environmental impact of the products throughout the operations,with the extraction of raw materials and ending with recycling, treatment of waste, and recovery of used materials. Energy efficiency Nokia make sure that devices use as little energy as possible. Nokia also work to reduce the energy consumption of the operations and agree on energy efficiency targets with the key suppliers. The future is in your hands Nokia has launched The Future is in Your Hands, which is a recycling scheme. The programme encourages customers to use special Nokia recycling bins for the disposal of old mobile phones and batteries. The phones will then be properly recycled.The move comes in addition to Nokias existing take-back scheme, which operates in Singapore, Malaysia, Phillipines, Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. CSR initiatives taken by Nestle Nestle is one of Indias branded food manufacturers. Nestles approach is to create a long-term sustainable value for their consumers, customers, employees, shareholders and society as a whole. It is a market leader in pretty every category. Some people say that Nestle doesnt really believe in the concept of corporate social responsibility instead they believe in the concept of creating shared value. The answer to this question is that they do believe that creating share value is one level higher than corporate social responsibility. In corporate social responsibility, they help communities and creating share value is just their way of doing business. Main CSR activities by Nestle are given below: Community Welfare Environment   Rural Development Water Safe drinking water; In India one of the major concern is the availability of clean drinking water for many communities. Approximately 200 million people do not have access to clean drinking water. Nestle India has committed to improving the situation. It believes that the first step is to create awareness in the communities. A key focus area of their Corporate social responsibility initiatives is to help provide Clean Drinking Water. Other one is to educate children in schools so that we can conserve this scarce resource. Nestle also supports local schools. It also helps in the maintenance of public parks and green belts. It facilitates blood donation camps and health awareness programs. All these initiatives strengthen the bond between Nestle and the community. Nestles main emphasis is on creating value for the public in terms of better nutrition, water, and food production. These three are the key to Nestle in building a sustainable business in the long-term. It makes a fundamental connection between shareholder value and community value. Nestle launched a series of initiatives to show its commitment in Creating Shared Value. Such as Company is launching the Nestle Healthy Kids Global Programme. The Nestle Prize, provides financial support of up to USD 461,000 to individuals, NGOs, or small enterprises who offer innovative solutions to nutritional deficiencies, access to clean water, or progress in rural development. Community Development The main business objective of nestle is to create value that can be sustained over the long term for the economy and society, using natural resources, creating growth opportunities and prosperity. The recently originated term is inclusive growth but it shows that in which thing company believes and what is it working for so that the business must be good for society, improving the quality of life of the people. The Nestle in the community model is simple. Employment: Nestle is creating direct and indirect employment knowledge, training programs and through transfer of technology. This enable people in the community to participate in economic prosperity. Nestle is continuously working with the community to understand what is needed to improve their quality of life. Nestle has been conducting dairy development programs in village to train the women in good dairy practices as well as spread awareness about personal health, hygiene, water   conservation and economic independence. Rural Development: Nestle has worked with millions of milk and coffee farmers and has make them better suppliers. It has helped them out of poverty and to prosper. Today, Nestle works directly with almost 600,000 farmers throughout the world, providing around over USD 27 million worth of microfinance in 2008. About 2.4 million people in developing countries earn their livelihoods from the Nestle supply chain. Conclusion- All the three companies are doing their best. They are taking up their corporate social responsibility seriously. Nestle believes in creating the shared value as well as doing their responsibility well. Mahindra has almost tried to do everything for the welfare of the society. Similarly Nokia is also performing well. Where Mahindra focuses on the education of girl child, Nokia and Nestle emphasize on the development of rural areas.

Death Camps Of World War II :: essays research papers

Starvation. Mass shootings. Gas chambers. Beatings. Mass murder. In the early 1940s, perhaps the most brutal attrocities ever committed on a people in our world’s history took place. It was World War II. The Nazi Regime, led by Adolf Hitler, was waging war across Europe. Occupied Poland became the place where those prisoners and captives held by the Nazis were sent to be eliminated. From 1941 through 1945 a total of some 3.5 million Jews met their deaths in Nazi extermination camps. These â€Å"death camps† as they are often referred to had the single goal of eliminating the Jews while hiding these crimes under a shroud from the rest of the world. Unlike the â€Å"concentration camps† of the same time, where Jews were brainwashed and ordered to do labor for the Germans yet still often killed, the death camps were devised solely for the mass killings of prisoners. There was no discrimination. Men fit for work, women and children of all ages were not sorted and suf fered the same fate. These events would be known as â€Å"the Final Solution† to the Jewish problem faced by the Nazis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captive Jews were held in areas called â€Å"ghettos† ultimately commanded by the Germans. Following through with the elimination of the Jews, the Nazis gave them fierce living conditions often housing dozens of people in small buildings. Food was administered in very small amounts. Those that did not starve to death were either shot or sent to camps. Some were sent to concentration camps. There were also labor camps. During some of these trips, prisoners would be told that they were being relocated. Many of these people instead arrived at the extermination camps never to be heard from again. The Polish town known as Kulmhof, though more popularly known as Chelmno, was the first place where mass killings by gas took place as part of the â€Å"Final Solution.† It was established in December of 1941. The first man in charge of this operation was Herbert Lange. This â€Å"Sonderkommando† or special commander, was once in charge of a T4 euthanasia program in which he was the overseer of the murder of psychiatric patients in the town of Posen. He had control of about 150 assorted German security police and uniformed police. Twenty members had posts within the camp as well as many secondary units. There was also a group, called the Waldkommando, who operated in the surrounding forest to make sure no one could see what was happening inside.

Alienation Exposed in Richard Wrights Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

Alienation Exposed in Black Boy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the early days of Richard’s childhood, Richard was always alienated from his environment.   Even though he tried to distance himself from the prejudice all around him, the white people still tried to turn him into the stereotypical southern black person.   However, throughout the story Richard is also alienated by his own people and perhaps even more then from the white people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard was always a rebel, from his boyhood to his older teenage years.   Richard’s grandmother was always excessively beating him.   From the beginning, Richard would not subdue himself to the white man like the other black people around.   The white people knew that he was different from other black men.   Whites were scared because Richard challenged the system that they had created to insure white supremacy.   They feared Richard, and some of the white people felt it necessary to act out their racist feelings in order to cover up their fear.   White coworkers beat Richard because his boss was kind to him. Richard later had to leave a good job because those racist co-workers would â€Å"kill† him.   When the principal at Richard’s school had asked Richard to give a speech to a large audience of white and black people, Richard refused to read the principal’s prepared speech. By reading the principal’s speech, Richard was saying what the white power wanted him to say and to Richard this would be giving in to the very thing he hated so much.   Richard was willing to leave school without a diploma instead of this.   White people alienated Richard from his environment because he did not accept the way of life that other black people did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard’s relatives never understood Richard and because of this he was alienated from his family and his own people.  Ã‚   Shorty is the young black boy who gets beat by the white people and jokes about it.   Richard hates Shorty because he accepts what Richard finds so disgusting.   Richard goes over in his mind the different choices he can make to deal with the feelings he has.   Richard does not want to â€Å"give in† and be a slave to the white people.   He would never give in and become a slave because he has hated that idea since day one.   Richard contemplates transferring his hatred and frustration out on other blacks, but knows that will not aid the situation.

The Great Depression in America :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"Father, won’t we have anything to eat for dinner?† said a young boy in a poor household, after his parents lost everything. Aww, now that’s a sad story. The economic collapse of 1929, also known as the Great Depression, helped make most of the United States bankrupt. The Great Depression was the worst economic disaster in the entire history of the U.S. (Gusmorino). It put millions of people out of work, and made people homeless and hungry. Food and job lines were nearly endless in the cities. The Great Depression was a horrible time for most of Americans. Many people lost their jobs and a lot of businesses closed. This job loss forced many Americans to becoming migrant workers. One of the main causes for this depression was that too many people over estimated the stock market’s stability, and they put lots of money into it (Gusmorino). When the stock market did crash, the people that invested in it lost everything. Also, people that put their life savings in banks lost everything they had, because the banks lost all their money. After this, it was hard to get the American people to put their trust back in the banks and the stock market, so President Roosevelt made a series of new laws and deals, creating more jobs, and ensuring that your money would not be lost in a bank. The new jobs that President Roosevelt created were mostly construction jobs to maintain and repair public lands. For example, one of the new jobs was to fix and maintain highways. Also, he gave money to farmers for them to set up work camps on their farms. These work camps offered jobs to anyone that was willing to travel to a farm and work there. This process of leaving your home, and living wherever you can work, is called migrant labor. During this historical time period, millions of Americans were forced into a life of migrant labor (Migrant). A migrant worker is someone who travels from town to town, looking for work. Then, when they find work, they live at the job site. Migrant workers usually live in small camps or tents along irrigation canals or right on a farm field. When a drought swept through the Great Plains in 1931, and dust storms came in 1932, the farmlands on the plains were all completely destroyed (Fanslow). Those people out of work moved to states like California for jobs.

Ceremony “Tayo’s Conflicts” Essay

In Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko writes an interesting novel with many conflicting issues on the main characters side, Tayo. One of Tayo’s main conflicts is about his culture and how he is not well accepted by some of the people who coexist with him in his daily life. Other terrifying conflicts that Tayo had were the ones about Josiah and Rocky’s way of dying, which in Tayo’s conscious he declared himself guilty for their death. Therefore, he would have unhealthy psychological flashbacks. Problems compounded with his friends even more when he started hanging out with them after the war. Getting drunk, picking up women and bragging about his war heroics would never make Tayo completely comfortable, instead problems would soon initiate. With these conflicts in mind, Tayo would soon have to resign himself to find the way to recover from his psychological problems. Tayo’s mixed race between an Indian and Mexican was not well accepted by his native society, therefore Tayo experienced a great deal of cultural conflict. With Tayo being both white and Native American his life was surrounded by a great deal of neglect. He did not identify or felt completely part of one culture or the other, which made him struggle with a lack of knowing where he really belong. Eventually, Tayo improves and is able to better connect with both cultures. He acknowledges the influence of white American culture on his traditional Native American heritage. With his acceptance, Tayo’s life becomes better as he is able to harmonize the two cultures he was born into. With the death of both his Uncle Josiah and cousin Rocky, Tayo’s mental problems became worst. Tayo became disoriented believing that the man in the Japanese uniform was his Uncle Josiah. When Tayo saw this, he started screaming while Rocky attempted to calm him down, but Rockies words were not helping Tayo settle; for Tayo, his uncle was dead. Tayo faced the same dilemma after his cousin Rocky’s death. He experienced great guilt when Rocky died in a death march in the Pacific. Tayo was very hard on himself because he could not prevent his cousin Rocky from being killed in the war. Although Tayo never fully recovers from this conflict, gradually he will learn to reestablish himself from this drawback. Getting drunk, picking up women and bragging about his war heroics with his  friends, was making Tayo experience more psychological traumas. His problems turn out to be compounded by his friends. Harley and Leroy encourage him to use alcohol as a way to escape from life. However because of Tayo’s deep spirituality, he gets frustrated by his friend’s destructive behavior. When Emo, another Native American veteran starts to brag about how he enjoyed killing people during the war, Tayo’s tension erupts into violent anger and attacks Emo. Luckily Harley and Leroy stopped him before killing Emo. This attempt to fight violence with violence further aggravates Tayo’s psychological alienation. What I think about Tayo’s frustrating conflicts is that they don’t clarify progress at any point. Tayo will struggle throughout the ceremony because I believe that people that go to war never fully recover psychologically, especially because of what Tayo believed to have seen and lived during and after the war. Because the story goes back and forth, from past to present it confuses the reader. Also, the reader has to understand that stories about people who go to war will always make us have different opinions for the simple reason that people who fought in the line of duty will not come back home well mentally recovered. This is the case with the soldier narrator who plays his part hallucinating throughout the war. The reader faces whether to believe him or his partner who is more conscious and aware of what is really going on. What is your opinion?